I don’t think there is such a list, but Bulbapadia has most of this information available.
Each set page contains a section “Addition cards”. For the Base Set page for example, it states these cards:
| No. | Card name | Type | Promotion |
| 8/102 | Machamp | Cosmos holo 2-Player CD-ROM Starter Set exclusive | |
| 58/102 | Pikachu | “Red Cheek” E3 Stamp - E3 Convention (May 1999) | |
| 58/102 | Pikachu | “Yellow Cheek” E3 Stamp - Nintendo Power Magazine (September 1999) | |
| 58/102 | Pikachu | “PokéTour 1999” Stamp - PokéTour 1999 (Australia) |
In addition, you can open individual card pages for additional information.
As for errors, there is the Error cards page, containing almost all errors.
NOTE 1: Almost everything on Bulbapedia is focused on English and Japanese. Other sets are only mentioned if they are exclusive for that language, like some Korean KTCG sets, the new Thai TTCG set, or the French McDonald’s 2013 set. So determining in what language sets are released in isn’t possible with Bulbapedia.
NOTE 2: Not all information is mentioned. Some cards in my Base Pikachu Artwork variations article aren’t mentioned on Bulbapedia, nor are any of the stamp differences from my 1st edition stamp variations article mentioned. And I can give more examples where Bulbapedia is lacking (i.e. German Advent Calendar 2010 set; Teach Set cards; etc. etc.). Still, it has quite a lot of information, and is usually my go-to for most information.
In addition, some people on reddit sometimes posts lists with all cards (English exclusives usually). Here an example of such a list. As you can see in my first comment however, loads of cards are still missing from most lists on reddit.
So although attempts has been made, I don’t think such a list exists with ALL variations.
Greetz,
Quuador